PASSIVE VOICE

Definition

Passive voice is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patient or recipient of the action denoted by verb.

What is Active Voice?

Definition : active voice is a voice that indicates a subject has the semantic function of actor.

Example :

• The following sentence construction is in active voice. The subject jones has semantic function of actor.
• James built the apartment.

• The above active construction contrasts with the following construction in passive voice, where jones has the semantic function of actor but house is the subject :
• The apartment was built by james.

What is Passive Voice?

Definition : Passive voice is a voice that indicates that the subject is the patint or recipient of the action denoted by the verb

Example :

Here is an example of a construction in passive voice :

• The women was nudged by a passer by.

The above example contrasts with the one below, which is in active voice :

• A passer by nudged the women.

Need to note that, verb used in a passive sentence English, is by using the formula :

…be + Verb-3 (Past Partiple) …

1) Simple Present Tense

Is/are + Verb-3 (past Participle)

Example :

· Hurricanes destroy a great deal of properties each year. (Active)

· A geat deal of properties is destroyed by hurricanes. (Passive)

2) Past Tense

Was/ were + Verb-3 (past participle)

Example :

· Sandra’s uncle promised her a prize. (active)

· Sandra was promised a prize by her uncle. (passive)

· A prize was promised to Sandra by her Uncle. (passive)

3) Present Continuous Tense

Is/are + being + verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· Mr. James is Teaching the student. (active)

· The students are being taught by Mr. James. (passive)

4) Past Continuous Tense

Was/were + being + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· My Uncle was painting the wall. (active)

· The wall was being painteds by my uncle. (passive)

5) Present Perfect Tense

Has/have + been + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· The company hs orderd some new equipments. (active)

· Some equipments have been ordered by the company. (passive)

6) Past Perfect Tense

Had + been + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· My Father had finished the work before I came. (active)

· The work had been finished by My Father. (passive)

7) Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Has/have + been + being + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· She has been writing the letter for two hours. (active)

· The letters have been being written by her for two hours. (passive)

8) Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Had + been + being + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

Example :

· She had been doing the work for four hours when I came. (active)

· The work had been being done by her four hours when I came. (passive)

9) Tense with modals : will, shall, can, must, may etc

Will

Shall

Can

Must + be + Verb-3 (Past Participle)

May

Etc.

Example :

· He may lock the doors before leaving the house . (actice)

· The doors may be locked by him before leaving the house. (passive)

10) Tense Modals + Present Perfect Tense

Modals + (Present/Past) + have + been + Verb-3(Past Participle)

Example :

· They should have finished their work before the teacher came. (active)

· Their work should have been finished by them before the teacher came. (passive)

11) Tense with modals + Perfect Continuous Tense

Modals (Present/ Past) + have + been + being + Verb-3

Example :

· They should have been studying the lesson for one hour when the teacher came. (active)

· The lesson should have been being studied by them for one hour when the teacher came. (passive)

Application letter

The Personal manager

CV. Esprit

Five avenue street

New Delhi

Dear sir,

With reference to your advertisement in yesterday’s issues of Warta kota, I would like to apply for the position of an administration staff in your firm.

I am twenty years old and have just graduated from senior high school. I have fair knowledge off office administration abd can speak English. I also use to take computer course so that I can use computer with accuracy and speed.

For your consideration, I enclose my brief personal data, some important documents, and a recent phothogragph.

I hoope my application will receive your favorabel consideation and that you will select me for aninterview.

Yours faithfully,

Yosua Pratama

Invitation letter

Yosua Pratama

JL. Pajajaran

Bogor

Maret 17, 2011

Dear Minda,

Sharon and I am very glad if you could join us for our dinner on may 6, 2011 at 19.00. it’s an informal party meeting for our fiends who haver jined together in our group on last month. We’re inviting all members of the group.

I know that they would be delighted to have you in the group, as would we. By the way, it’s not surprise and no gifts are expected.

You can call us if you cant come, we’ll be expecting you. My phone number 08989815559 and our home02518336207.

Cordially yours,

Yosua Pratama

Comments english in my opinion

I think that English is the language that must be learn and indeed needs to be studied. Indeed at first to learn English is not easy, because since I was a child, I'm used to speak in Indonesian language and coupled with my views about do not need to learn English because I was born in Indonesia, and then english is not too much used in Indonesia. So my mind does not need to learn the language like that.

After I entered college, I realized that learning English is very important especially now globalisation era. And in my opinion are important to learn english because it can make us not only socialize with Indonesian people, but also could be with people overseas.

In addition to this because my hobby to watching a movie instead of Indonesia and most of the film uses the English language,so inevitably I had to learn to understand the language and continue to search for the words of what I do not understand about.