The market is located opposite the Botanical Gardens in Bogor has never sleeping, always crowded with visitors both day and night. Amid the proliferation of traditional markets and supermarkets attacks in the city of rain, this market remains a practical economic center city residents. Of course this predicate can survive because Bogor Market is not just a commercial center, but it is a place of community interaction that has become this city's historical memory.
At first glance there is nothing special in the view Bogor Market. The stench was so stinging when entering the building market is dull, not to mention the garbage that littered and mengunduk in almost every corner, and the mud puddle like mine to be avoided. Frenzied atmosphere, ranging from bargain prices tough between seller and buyer, a mother who is carrying a plastic bag grocery shopping, reading notes, until the hip is exhausted coolie boy carrying groceries "the employer".
In the present context, Bogor Market is not the only traditional trading center located in the city of Bogor. However, when referring to the historical context, this market became one of the central concentration of non-European society are allowed to operate in the area of the European elite. Since the beginning of Buitenzorg is designed as a resting place of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, and the high colonial official. Non-European Community are prohibited from living in this elite area. In accordance with the masterplan of the city, construction of structures and infrastructure Buitenzorg, more devoted to the interests of European society ..
Nevertheless, as private owners of Villa Buitenzorg, governor generals see a lot of vacant land on his property that has not been utilized. Therefore, terbesit idea to take advantage of vacant land by way of rents. Sure enough, since 1752 Kampoeng Bogor, indigenous settlements already established in Buitenzorg. European supremacy decreases when the Regent of Kampung Baru, Demat Wiranata (1749-1758) application to build houses in the area Sukahati (Pond), which was granted by the Governor-General Jacob Mossel. Around 1770, the Regent Kampung Baru has lived and even then move the central government to the house.
Seeing the business sells and leases land to bring substantial revenue, the governor-general at the time, Van der Parra (1761-1775) opens the opportunity for anyone who wants to rent his land, including for economic affairs. Parra then grant the establishment of a market in Buitenzorg. The market is adjacent to the village and not far from Bogor Regency Office Kampung Baru. Around 1770, the market began to operate. At first, this week opened only once a week. Because the more crowded, the market operation time was also increased to two times a week, every Monday and Friday. Upon the land rental business, the governor-general Van der Parra already reap substantial profits. In the financial report 1777, noted the governor-general revenue amounted to 14,000 ringgit, about 8,000 ringgit from the market land rent Bogor.
Increased levels of economic activity, let alone the completion of the railroad that connects Batavia, Buitenzorg along 50 km in 1873 to improve the status of this market from the local market into the regional market. Since then, the inclusion in Bogor Market trading route Priangan-Batavia. Operating time was changed to every market every day. Trade flows are mainly agricultural products from Priangan sent to Batavia higher. In Gerlings remarks, as quoted Devisari Tunas (2005), in 1870-1880, approximately 60% of goods transported from Buitenzorg to Batavia was the result of the earth, such as coffee, sugar, potatoes, beans, rice, flour, vegetable oil, oil, and quinine. Fresh vegetables that come from plantations in Sindanglaya (Peak) is a well-known commodity in this market.
Therefore this market adjacent to the village of Bogor, the spontaneous drop vendors who also called Bogor Market. Even then the traders are more familiar with the name of Bogor to refer to markets located in Buitenzorg. Bogor word is then spread not only among traders, but also extends the life of the general public. At the end of the colonial era, Bogor words already familiar in the ears of colonial society, as the unofficial name of Buitenzorg.
Moreover, Bogor Market later became a symbol of interaction between community groups Native, Chinese, and Arabs in the region exclusive Buitenzorg. It happened since the increased volume of trade and security guarantees in this market. This makes the traders decided to stay permanently in the area around Market Bogor. Indigenous communities and live in the area, Lebak Market. Then grow too Chinese Village (Handelstraat, Jalan Suryakencana now) and the Arab Village (Pond area) at the end of the 19th century. The interaction that has existed for centuries to make the three community groups have been able to adapt and accept the existence of one another.
Senin, 29 November 2010
Bogor market near my house
The market is located opposite the Botanical Gardens in Bogor has never sleeping, always crowded with visitors both day and night. Amid the proliferation of traditional markets and supermarkets attacks in the city of rain, this market remains a practical economic center city residents. Of course this predicate can survive because Bogor Market is not just a commercial center, but it is a place of community interaction that has become this city's historical memory.
At first glance there is nothing special in the view Bogor Market. The stench was so stinging when entering the building market is dull, not to mention the garbage that littered and mengunduk in almost every corner, and the mud puddle like mine to be avoided. Frenzied atmosphere, ranging from bargain prices tough between seller and buyer, a mother who is carrying a plastic bag grocery shopping, reading notes, until the hip is exhausted coolie boy carrying groceries "the employer".
In the present context, Bogor Market is not the only traditional trading center located in the city of Bogor. However, when referring to the historical context, this market became one of the central concentration of non-European society are allowed to operate in the area of the European elite. Since the beginning of Buitenzorg is designed as a resting place of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, and the high colonial official. Non-European Community are prohibited from living in this elite area. In accordance with the masterplan of the city, construction of structures and infrastructure Buitenzorg, more devoted to the interests of European society ..
Nevertheless, as private owners of Villa Buitenzorg, governor generals see a lot of vacant land on his property that has not been utilized. Therefore, terbesit idea to take advantage of vacant land by way of rents. Sure enough, since 1752 Kampoeng Bogor, indigenous settlements already established in Buitenzorg. European supremacy decreases when the Regent of Kampung Baru, Demat Wiranata (1749-1758) application to build houses in the area Sukahati (Pond), which was granted by the Governor-General Jacob Mossel. Around 1770, the Regent Kampung Baru has lived and even then move the central government to the house.
Seeing the business sells and leases land to bring substantial revenue, the governor-general at the time, Van der Parra (1761-1775) opens the opportunity for anyone who wants to rent his land, including for economic affairs. Parra then grant the establishment of a market in Buitenzorg. The market is adjacent to the village and not far from Bogor Regency Office Kampung Baru. Around 1770, the market began to operate. At first, this week opened only once a week. Because the more crowded, the market operation time was also increased to two times a week, every Monday and Friday. Upon the land rental business, the governor-general Van der Parra already reap substantial profits. In the financial report 1777, noted the governor-general revenue amounted to 14,000 ringgit, about 8,000 ringgit from the market land rent Bogor.
Increased levels of economic activity, let alone the completion of the railroad that connects Batavia, Buitenzorg along 50 km in 1873 to improve the status of this market from the local market into the regional market. Since then, the inclusion in Bogor Market trading route Priangan-Batavia. Operating time was changed to every market every day. Trade flows are mainly agricultural products from Priangan sent to Batavia higher. In Gerlings remarks, as quoted Devisari Tunas (2005), in 1870-1880, approximately 60% of goods transported from Buitenzorg to Batavia was the result of the earth, such as coffee, sugar, potatoes, beans, rice, flour, vegetable oil, oil, and quinine. Fresh vegetables that come from plantations in Sindanglaya (Peak) is a well-known commodity in this market.
Therefore this market adjacent to the village of Bogor, the spontaneous drop vendors who also called Bogor Market. Even then the traders are more familiar with the name of Bogor to refer to markets located in Buitenzorg. Bogor word is then spread not only among traders, but also extends the life of the general public. At the end of the colonial era, Bogor words already familiar in the ears of colonial society, as the unofficial name of Buitenzorg.
Moreover, Bogor Market later became a symbol of interaction between community groups Native, Chinese, and Arabs in the region exclusive Buitenzorg. It happened since the increased volume of trade and security guarantees in this market. This makes the traders decided to stay permanently in the area around Market Bogor. Indigenous communities and live in the area, Lebak Market. Then grow too Chinese Village (Handelstraat, Jalan Suryakencana now) and the Arab Village (Pond area) at the end of the 19th century. The interaction that has existed for centuries to make the three community groups have been able to adapt and accept the existence of one another.
At first glance there is nothing special in the view Bogor Market. The stench was so stinging when entering the building market is dull, not to mention the garbage that littered and mengunduk in almost every corner, and the mud puddle like mine to be avoided. Frenzied atmosphere, ranging from bargain prices tough between seller and buyer, a mother who is carrying a plastic bag grocery shopping, reading notes, until the hip is exhausted coolie boy carrying groceries "the employer".
In the present context, Bogor Market is not the only traditional trading center located in the city of Bogor. However, when referring to the historical context, this market became one of the central concentration of non-European society are allowed to operate in the area of the European elite. Since the beginning of Buitenzorg is designed as a resting place of Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies, and the high colonial official. Non-European Community are prohibited from living in this elite area. In accordance with the masterplan of the city, construction of structures and infrastructure Buitenzorg, more devoted to the interests of European society ..
Nevertheless, as private owners of Villa Buitenzorg, governor generals see a lot of vacant land on his property that has not been utilized. Therefore, terbesit idea to take advantage of vacant land by way of rents. Sure enough, since 1752 Kampoeng Bogor, indigenous settlements already established in Buitenzorg. European supremacy decreases when the Regent of Kampung Baru, Demat Wiranata (1749-1758) application to build houses in the area Sukahati (Pond), which was granted by the Governor-General Jacob Mossel. Around 1770, the Regent Kampung Baru has lived and even then move the central government to the house.
Seeing the business sells and leases land to bring substantial revenue, the governor-general at the time, Van der Parra (1761-1775) opens the opportunity for anyone who wants to rent his land, including for economic affairs. Parra then grant the establishment of a market in Buitenzorg. The market is adjacent to the village and not far from Bogor Regency Office Kampung Baru. Around 1770, the market began to operate. At first, this week opened only once a week. Because the more crowded, the market operation time was also increased to two times a week, every Monday and Friday. Upon the land rental business, the governor-general Van der Parra already reap substantial profits. In the financial report 1777, noted the governor-general revenue amounted to 14,000 ringgit, about 8,000 ringgit from the market land rent Bogor.
Increased levels of economic activity, let alone the completion of the railroad that connects Batavia, Buitenzorg along 50 km in 1873 to improve the status of this market from the local market into the regional market. Since then, the inclusion in Bogor Market trading route Priangan-Batavia. Operating time was changed to every market every day. Trade flows are mainly agricultural products from Priangan sent to Batavia higher. In Gerlings remarks, as quoted Devisari Tunas (2005), in 1870-1880, approximately 60% of goods transported from Buitenzorg to Batavia was the result of the earth, such as coffee, sugar, potatoes, beans, rice, flour, vegetable oil, oil, and quinine. Fresh vegetables that come from plantations in Sindanglaya (Peak) is a well-known commodity in this market.
Therefore this market adjacent to the village of Bogor, the spontaneous drop vendors who also called Bogor Market. Even then the traders are more familiar with the name of Bogor to refer to markets located in Buitenzorg. Bogor word is then spread not only among traders, but also extends the life of the general public. At the end of the colonial era, Bogor words already familiar in the ears of colonial society, as the unofficial name of Buitenzorg.
Moreover, Bogor Market later became a symbol of interaction between community groups Native, Chinese, and Arabs in the region exclusive Buitenzorg. It happened since the increased volume of trade and security guarantees in this market. This makes the traders decided to stay permanently in the area around Market Bogor. Indigenous communities and live in the area, Lebak Market. Then grow too Chinese Village (Handelstraat, Jalan Suryakencana now) and the Arab Village (Pond area) at the end of the 19th century. The interaction that has existed for centuries to make the three community groups have been able to adapt and accept the existence of one another.
Rabu, 28 April 2010
Membaca Cepat 250 kata/ menit
Membaca Cepat 250 kata/ menit
Kalian semua tentu sudah sering membaca Namun, sudah benarkah cara membaca yang kamu lakukan? Seringkali, seseorang membaca, namun tidak mampu memahami isis teks yang dibaca. Hal itu disebabkan mereka melakukan kebiasaan yang salah ketika membaca.
Contoh kebiasaan salah saat membaca :
1 Menggerakan bibirnya ketika didalam diam(membaca dalam hati)
2 Menyuarakan setiap kata
3 Tidak berkonsentrasi pada saat membaca
Hal yang terpenting pada saat membaca adalah konsentarasi.. Usahakan untuk menciptakan suasana membaca yang menyenangkan. Suasana membaca yang menenangkan adalah suasana yang tenang.
Selain itu, hal yang tak kalah penting untuk diperhatikan saat membaca adalah pemahaman terhadap isi. Jika saat membaca menemukan istilah “asing”, sebaiknya kamu jangan berhenti membaca. Teruskan membaca, tafsirkan makna kata “asing” berdasarkan konteks kalimat. Hindari pula kebiasaan menunjuk kata yang kamu baca atau membaca kata per kata dengan diikuti gerakan kepala (dari kiri kekanan). Sesungguhnya, yang digerakkan saat membaca adalah bola mata, bukan kepala. Oleh karena itu, teruslah melatih gerakan bola mata dari kiri ke kanan atau dari atas ke bawah secara berulang-ulang.
Membaca skimming adalah teknik membaca cepat untuk mengetahui gambaran eseluruhan sesuatu bahan bacaan. Hal yang diutamakan pada kegiatan membaca cepat bukan sekedar kecepatannya, melainkan informasi yang ingin didapat.
Kecepatan setiap orang dalam membaca tidak selalu sama. Ada yang memiliki kecepatan 100-150 kpm (kata per menit), ada yang 150-200 kpm, dan ada yang diatasnya. Berdasarkan Pengamatan dalam berbagai pelatihan, keterampilan dan kecepatan rata-rata orang Indonesia dewasa (yang belum pernah latihan keterampilan membaca) 175-300 kpm. Setelah mengikuti latihan keterampilan membaca, kecepatan itu biasanya meningkat.
Rumus Untuk Menghitung kecepatan efektif membaca adalah
KM – KB : {(SM : 60) x (PI : 1000)} kpm
KM : Kecepatan membaca (kadang juga disebut kecepatan efektif membaca (KEM)
KB : Jumlah kata dalam wacana
SM : Waktu yang diperlukan untuk membaca (dalam hitungan detik)
PI : Skor pemahaman isi
Kpm : Kata per menit
Jumlah kata dalam wancana adalah 600, salah seorang siswa membaca dalam waktu 2 menit 30 detik. Skor pemahaman jawaban pertanyaan di atas membaca dalam waktu 2 menit 30 detik. Skor pemahaman jawaban pertanyaan diatas, dia mendapat skor 80. kemapuan membaca siswa itu dapat dihitung seperti berikut :
KM = KB : {SM : 60) x ( PI : 100)} kpm
KM = 600 : {(150 : 60) x ( 80 : 100)} kpm
= 600 : {2,5 x 0,8} kpm
= 600 : 2 kpm
= 300 kpm
Rata-rata kemampuan membaca siswa sesuai kurikulum adalah 250 kpm. Dengan demikian, skor kecepatan membaca siswa diatas rata-rata.
Kalian semua tentu sudah sering membaca Namun, sudah benarkah cara membaca yang kamu lakukan? Seringkali, seseorang membaca, namun tidak mampu memahami isis teks yang dibaca. Hal itu disebabkan mereka melakukan kebiasaan yang salah ketika membaca.
Contoh kebiasaan salah saat membaca :
1 Menggerakan bibirnya ketika didalam diam(membaca dalam hati)
2 Menyuarakan setiap kata
3 Tidak berkonsentrasi pada saat membaca
Hal yang terpenting pada saat membaca adalah konsentarasi.. Usahakan untuk menciptakan suasana membaca yang menyenangkan. Suasana membaca yang menenangkan adalah suasana yang tenang.
Selain itu, hal yang tak kalah penting untuk diperhatikan saat membaca adalah pemahaman terhadap isi. Jika saat membaca menemukan istilah “asing”, sebaiknya kamu jangan berhenti membaca. Teruskan membaca, tafsirkan makna kata “asing” berdasarkan konteks kalimat. Hindari pula kebiasaan menunjuk kata yang kamu baca atau membaca kata per kata dengan diikuti gerakan kepala (dari kiri kekanan). Sesungguhnya, yang digerakkan saat membaca adalah bola mata, bukan kepala. Oleh karena itu, teruslah melatih gerakan bola mata dari kiri ke kanan atau dari atas ke bawah secara berulang-ulang.
Membaca skimming adalah teknik membaca cepat untuk mengetahui gambaran eseluruhan sesuatu bahan bacaan. Hal yang diutamakan pada kegiatan membaca cepat bukan sekedar kecepatannya, melainkan informasi yang ingin didapat.
Kecepatan setiap orang dalam membaca tidak selalu sama. Ada yang memiliki kecepatan 100-150 kpm (kata per menit), ada yang 150-200 kpm, dan ada yang diatasnya. Berdasarkan Pengamatan dalam berbagai pelatihan, keterampilan dan kecepatan rata-rata orang Indonesia dewasa (yang belum pernah latihan keterampilan membaca) 175-300 kpm. Setelah mengikuti latihan keterampilan membaca, kecepatan itu biasanya meningkat.
Rumus Untuk Menghitung kecepatan efektif membaca adalah
KM – KB : {(SM : 60) x (PI : 1000)} kpm
KM : Kecepatan membaca (kadang juga disebut kecepatan efektif membaca (KEM)
KB : Jumlah kata dalam wacana
SM : Waktu yang diperlukan untuk membaca (dalam hitungan detik)
PI : Skor pemahaman isi
Kpm : Kata per menit
Jumlah kata dalam wancana adalah 600, salah seorang siswa membaca dalam waktu 2 menit 30 detik. Skor pemahaman jawaban pertanyaan di atas membaca dalam waktu 2 menit 30 detik. Skor pemahaman jawaban pertanyaan diatas, dia mendapat skor 80. kemapuan membaca siswa itu dapat dihitung seperti berikut :
KM = KB : {SM : 60) x ( PI : 100)} kpm
KM = 600 : {(150 : 60) x ( 80 : 100)} kpm
= 600 : {2,5 x 0,8} kpm
= 600 : 2 kpm
= 300 kpm
Rata-rata kemampuan membaca siswa sesuai kurikulum adalah 250 kpm. Dengan demikian, skor kecepatan membaca siswa diatas rata-rata.
Menemukan Nilai-Nilai Sebuah Cerita
Menemukan Nilai-Nilai Sebuah Cerita
Jika ingin menceritakan sebuah cerpen kepada orang lain, hal yang perlu kamu perhatikan adalah unsur-unsur cerita itu, di antaranya tema, tokoh, alur, dan latar. Tentunya, kamu sudah paham maksud keempat tersebut.
Cerita adalah cermin kehidupan. Dengan demikian, tentulah di dalam cerpen kamu dapat menemukan nilai-nilai kehidupan. Nilai-nilai kehidupan, misalnya :
1 Nilai Social
2 Nilai Budaya
3 Nilai Religi(agama), dan
4 Nilai Moral
Setiap pengarang memiliki sudut pandang penceritaan yang berbeda.
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